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Incidental fear cues increase monetary loss aversion.

Stefan Schulreich1, Holger Gerhardt2, Hauke R Heekeren1

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Incidental fear cues increase loss aversion, making people more sensitive to potential losses. This effect is reduced in individuals with fearless dominance, a trait linked to lower fear responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Loss aversion, a heightened sensitivity to losses over gains, is a key aspect of decision-making.
  • Emotional processes, particularly fear, are believed to mediate loss aversion.
  • Incidental emotions, unrelated to the decision, can influence choices, but their impact on loss aversion is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the influence of incidental fear cues on monetary loss aversion.
  • To examine whether fear cues presented before or during decision-making alter loss aversion.
  • To explore the moderating role of psychopathic personality traits on the fear-loss aversion relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted involving participants making choices about mixed gambles with real monetary stakes.
  • Incidental fear cues (fearful faces) were presented either during or before the decision tasks, compared to neutral faces.
  • Psychopathic personality traits, including fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to fearful faces, compared to neutral faces, significantly increased risk aversion, suggesting heightened loss aversion.
  • The effect of incidental fear on loss aversion was moderated by psychopathic personality traits.
  • Specifically, fearless dominance, particularly its interpersonal facet, attenuated the influence of fear cues on loss aversion.

Conclusions:

  • Loss aversion is sensitive to the affective context, with incidental fear enhancing it.
  • Reduced fear reactivity, as seen in individuals with fearless dominance, can mitigate the impact of fear on loss aversion.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the interplay between emotion, personality, and economic decision-making.