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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Modeling Vascular Contributions to Alzheimer's Disease in Transgenic Mice
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Vascular dementia.

John T O'Brien1, Alan Thomas2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 24, 2015
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Vascular dementia, a common cause of cognitive decline, lacks approved treatments due to classification issues and unclear links to Alzheimer's pathology. Further research is crucial for developing effective vascular dementia management strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Vascular dementia is the second most common dementia type, accounting for 15% of cases.
  • Unlike Alzheimer's disease, no licensed treatments currently exist for vascular dementia.
  • Challenges include diagnostic uncertainties and the unclear relationship between cerebrovascular issues and cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique key areas and controversies in vascular dementia research.
  • To summarize existing treatment trials for vascular dementia.
  • To propose necessary advancements for understanding pathogenesis and developing new treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research on vascular dementia.
  • Synthesis of data from past and ongoing clinical trials.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Progress is hindered by classification ambiguities and lack of clear treatment targets.
  • The mechanistic link between vascular pathology and Alzheimer's pathology remains unidentified.
  • Current treatment trials have yielded limited success.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing diagnostic criteria and understanding the interplay between vascular and Alzheimer's pathology are critical.
  • Identifying tractable treatment targets is essential for advancing vascular dementia management.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating pathogenesis to improve therapeutic strategies.