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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Three-Dimensional Metal-Catecholate Frameworks and Their Ultrahigh Proton Conductivity.

Nhung T T Nguyen1,2, Hiroyasu Furukawa1, Felipe Gándara3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley; and Global Science Institute at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New metal-catecholate materials (M-CATs) show high proton conductivity. Fe-CAT-5 exhibits ultrahigh proton conductivity due to sulfate and dimethylammonium ions in its porous framework.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Extended metal catecholates (M-CATs) are a developing class of porous materials.
  • Developing novel frameworks for applications like proton conductivity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize novel three-dimensional (3D) extended metal catecholates (M-CATs).
  • Investigate the structural properties and proton conductivity of these new materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of M-CATs using metal salts and H6THO linker.
  • Structural characterization via single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Proton conductivity measurements at varying humidity levels.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized Fe-CAT-5, Ti-CAT-5, and V-CAT-5 with srs topology.
  • Fe-CAT-5 exhibited ultrahigh proton conductivity (5.0 × 10(-2) S cm(-1)) at 98% RH.
  • Sulfate and dimethylammonium ions in Fe-CAT-5 pores are key for high conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Catecholate-based 3D frameworks are viable for proton conduction.
  • The presence of specific ions within the pores significantly influences proton conductivity.
  • Fe-CAT-5 represents a promising material for proton conductive applications.