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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

3.6K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
14.8K
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
947
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Best practices in robotic magnetic navigation-guided catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, a position paper of the Society for Cardiac Robotic Navigation.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2024
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The Interplay of PR Interval and AV Pacing Delays Used for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure Patients: Association with Clinical Response in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Observational Study.

Journal of personalized medicine·2022
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Corrigendum to: AV junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS: the APAF-CRT mortality trial.

European heart journal·2021
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Corrigendum to: AV junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS: the APAF-CRT mortality trial.

European heart journal·2021
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AV junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS: the APAF-CRT mortality trial.

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Determinants of worse prognosis in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators. Are ventricular arrhythmias an adjunctive risk factor?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

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Atrioventricular Node Ablation.

Maurizio Gasparini1

  • 1EP and Pacing Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milano, Italy.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves heart failure outcomes. However, evidence is lacking for patients with atrial fibrillation, necessitating further randomized controlled trials.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a proven non-pharmacologic treatment for heart failure.
  • Existing evidence primarily focuses on patients in sinus rhythm with specific criteria (NYHA class III-IV, reduced LVEF, electrical dyssynchrony).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations in current guidelines regarding CRT in patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation.
  • To emphasize the need for randomized controlled trials to guide CRT use in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on CRT.
  • Analysis of current guideline recommendations for CRT in heart failure patients.

Main Results:

  • Large randomized trials for CRT have excluded patients with atrial fibrillation.
Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationAtrioventricular junction ablationCardiac resynchronization therapy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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  • Current guidelines lack specific, evidence-based recommendations for CRT in patients with various forms of atrial fibrillation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The efficacy and optimal use of CRT in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation remain largely unaddressed.
    • Randomized controlled trials are critically needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for CRT in this patient subgroup.