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Coherent interaction with two-level fluctuators using near field scanning microwave microscopy.

S E de Graaf1,2, A V Danilov1, S E Kubatkin1

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Near field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM) can now probe quantum materials by operating in the single-photon regime. This technique enables nano-scale detection of single atomic defects in quantum circuits with high signal-to-noise ratios.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Near field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM) is a nano-scale material property characterization technique.
  • Current NSMM research focuses on room-temperature applications.
  • Recent insights suggest NSMM can operate in the quantum regime for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the quantum regime of NSMM.
  • To explore the interaction between resonant NSMM probes and two-level systems.
  • To assess the feasibility of detecting single atomic defects.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of NSMM in the (sub-) single photon regime.
  • Analysis of resonant probe interaction with two-level systems.
  • Estimation of signal-to-noise ratios and material loss tangent requirements.

Main Results:

  • Interaction between resonant NSMM probes and two-level systems is possible in the single-photon regime.
  • High signal-to-noise ratios are achievable under optimal conditions.
  • Detection of single atomic defects with GHz energy splittings at the nano-scale is feasible for materials with loss tangents below 10(-3).

Conclusions:

  • NSMM operating in the quantum regime offers new possibilities for materials science and quantum information processing.
  • The technique can detect single atomic defects in materials like those used in quantum circuits (tan δ < 10(-5)).
  • Proposed extensions can enhance NSMM sensitivity and functionality for high-power applications.