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Is nutritional support needed in late preterm infants?

Maria Lorella Giannì1, Paola Roggero2, Pasqua Piemontese3

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Late preterm infants often need nutritional support due to feeding issues. Key risk factors include low birth weight, respiratory distress, and surgical intervention, highlighting the need for tailored nutritional care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Nutrition

Background:

  • Late preterm birth constitutes 70% of all preterm births.
  • Feeding problems in very preterm infants are well-studied, but data on late preterm infants are limited.
  • This study addresses the nutritional support needs of late preterm infants during hospitalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the requirement for nutritional support in late preterm infants during hospital stay.
  • To identify factors contributing to the need for nutritional support in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records of late preterm infants (born 2011-2013).
  • Data collected included neonatal information, need for nutritional support (parenteral nutrition, tube feeding), and feeding status at discharge.
  • Associated conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, congenital anomalies, sepsis, hypoglycemia, poor feeding, and surgical interventions were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1768 infants, 592 required nutritional support.
  • Significant risk factors for needing nutritional support included birth weight ≤2000 g (aOR=12.2), gestational age of 34 weeks (aOR=4.08), being small for gestational age (aOR=2.17), respiratory distress syndrome (aOR=79.6), and surgical intervention (aOR=49.4).
  • Poor feeding and being small for gestational age were also notable contributors.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants face a considerable risk of requiring nutritional support.
  • Specific conditions like low birth weight, prematurity at 34 weeks, SGA, RDS, and surgical needs elevate this risk.
  • Findings aid in understanding feeding challenges and optimizing nutritional strategies for late preterm infants.