[Factitious diseases in oncology].

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Psychiatry
• Medical Psychology

Background:

• Factitious disorders and pathomimias, such as Munchausen's syndrome, are infrequently encountered in oncology settings.
• Their rarity contributes to significant diagnostic challenges for medical teams.
• Misdiagnosis can lead to severe consequences, including unnecessary surgeries and inappropriate chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Observation:

• Patients with factitious disorders simulate illness to gain medical attention.
• These patients may exhibit belligerent behavior and self-discharge from hospitals if their simulated condition is not validated or if they are confronted.
• Key diagnostic indicators include a history of medical peregrination, conflicts with healthcare providers, prior psychiatric conditions, a background in healthcare, and social isolation.

Findings:

• The diagnosis and management of factitious disorders in oncology present considerable difficulties.
• Patients often deny the reality of their condition and may terminate contact with clinicians who identify the disorder.
• Collaboration between oncologists, surgeons, psycho-oncology, and consultation-liaison psychiatric teams is essential.

Implications:

• Oncologists and surgeons must maintain vigilance for factitious disorders.
• Multidisciplinary collaboration is vital for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient care.
• Developing specific strategies for managing patients with factitious disorders is recommended to improve outcomes and prevent iatrogenic harm.