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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
Published on: July 28, 2023
Animal-microbe interactions and the evolution of nervous systems
Heather L Eisthen1, Kevin R Theis2
1Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane Rm 203, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, 567 Wilson Road Rm 1441, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA eisthen@msu.edu.
Abstract:
Animals ubiquitously interact with environmental and symbiotic microbes, and the effects of these interactions on animal physiology are currently the subject of intense interest. Nevertheless, the influence of microbes on nervous system evolution has been largely ignored. We illustrate here how taking microbes into account might enrich our ideas about the evolution of nervous systems. For example, microbes are involved in animals' communicative, defensive, predatory and dispersal behaviours, and have likely influenced the evolution of chemo- and photosensory systems. In addition, we speculate that the need to regulate interactions with microbes at the epithelial surface may have contributed to the evolutionary internalization of the nervous system.
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