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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

174
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
174
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

45
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
45
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.1K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
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Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells

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Probiotics as an Immune Modulator.

Hye-Ji Kang1, Sin-Hyeog Im

  • 1Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS).

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics, beneficial live microorganisms, show potential in modulating immune responses for various health conditions. Identifying specific strains and understanding their mechanisms are key to harnessing their full immunomodulatory benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Probiotics are live microorganisms conferring health benefits, consumed via dairy, supplements, and functional foods.
  • Emerging research indicates specific probiotic strains possess immunomodulatory activity relevant to allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for selecting immunomodulatory probiotic strains.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which probiotics modulate immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on probiotic selection and immunomodulation.
  • Analysis of proposed interactions between probiotics/metabolites and immune cells (e.g., antigen-presenting cells, T cells).

Main Results:

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Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
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  • Probiotics and their metabolites can interact with immune cells, promoting immunoregulatory functions.
  • Probiotics contribute to immune homeostasis by balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • The efficacy of probiotics varies significantly based on strain type and dosage.
  • Identifying specific functional probiotics with targeted immune regulatory properties is crucial for therapeutic applications.