Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
05:25
Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
Published on: July 21, 2023
2.1K
Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis during Tooth Movement.
Frontiers of Oral Biology
|November 25, 2015
Summary
Bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement involves complex cellular and molecular changes. Key biomarkers like RANKL and osteocytes play crucial roles in regulating bone resorption and formation, influencing treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Bone Biology
- Cellular Signaling
Background:
- Orthodontic tooth movement is known to induce bone remodeling.
- While periodontal ligament changes are well-documented, alveolar bone alterations are still being clarified.
- This chapter reviews studies on bone changes during orthodontic treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present studies detailing bone changes associated with orthodontic tooth movement.
- To elucidate the roles of specific molecular pathways and cellular activities in this process.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on bone remodeling markers and cellular activities.
- Analysis of studies investigating biomarkers such as RANKL, osteoprotegerin, and nitric oxide (NO).
- Examination of molecular signaling pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.
Main Results:
- Osteoclastogenesis initiation is linked to inflammation and RANKL activity, which responds to compressive forces.
- Osteoprotegerin inhibits tooth movement by decreasing RANKL.
- Osteocytes, via nitric oxide (NO) production (iNOS and eNOS), influence both bone resorption on the compression side and bone formation on the tension side.
- Molecules like TGF-β, BSP, BMPs, and epidermal growth factor are implicated in osteogenesis.
- Runx2 expression increases on the tension side, suggesting a role in bone formation.
Conclusions:
- Bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement is a complex interplay of resorption and formation.
- Osteocyte activity and molecular signaling pathways are critical regulators of these processes.
- Further research is needed to fully understand osteocyte contributions and osteogenesis on the tension side.
Related Concept Videos
01:40Bone Remodeling
41.1K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
41.1K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
4.7K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.7K
01:29Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
15.5K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
15.5K
01:24Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
13.7K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
13.7K
01:15Teeth
2.3K
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
2.3K
01:30Bone Cells and Tissue
11.9K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
11.9K