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Ballistocardiographic Artifacts in PPG Imaging.

Andreia Vieira Moco, Sander Stuijk, Gerard de Haan

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |November 25, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ballistocardiographic (BCG) motion causes artifacts in photoplethysmography (PPG) imaging. Homogeneous and orthogonal illumination minimizes these motion artifacts, improving the accuracy of remote PPG vital sign measurements.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical optics
    • Physiological measurement
    • Medical imaging

    Background:

    • Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique for vital sign monitoring.
    • Camera-based PPG imaging offers potential for clinical microvascular assessment.
    • Motion artifacts, particularly from ballistocardiography (BCG), challenge PPG imaging robustness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify cardiac-related (ballistocardiographic) motion artifacts in PPG imaging.
    • To investigate the impact of illumination conditions on BCG artifact amplitude.
    • To propose methods for improving motion robustness in PPG imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling BCG artifact amplitude on a Lambertian surface using human head data.
    • Recording PPG and inertial sensor data from 54 subjects.

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  • Simulating light source location effects and conducting experiments on a human subject.

    • Main Results:

    • BCG artifacts are significant under nonorthogonal illumination, compromising PPG imaging.
    • Artifacts are more pronounced in the non-green spectrum and with incident angles > 45°.
    • Homogeneous and orthogonal illumination was identified as a method to minimize BCG artifacts.

    Conclusions:

    • Homogeneous and orthogonal illumination effectively minimizes BCG motion artifacts in PPG imaging.
    • This illumination strategy enhances the validity of remote PPG imagers.
    • Recommendations aim to prevent errors in remote PPG publications.