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Evolutionary Quantitative Genomics of Populus trichocarpa.

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Forest trees like black cottonwood show strong local adaptation to climate. This study reveals key genes and molecular mechanisms driving climate adaptation in wild populations, crucial for future forest management.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Forest trees exhibit significant local adaptation to environmental conditions.
  • Understanding climate adaptation is vital for forest species survival and effective management.
  • Undomesticated populations offer insights into natural selection and adaptive potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of climate adaptation in wild Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) populations.
  • To identify specific genes and genetic variations associated with adaptation to past climatic conditions.
  • To utilize an integrative quantitative genetics and landscape genomics approach for comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 433 Populus trichocarpa genotypes across western North America.
  • Analyzed 74 field-assessed traits including growth, ecophysiology, and disease resistance.
  • Employed quantitative genetics (QST-FST comparison) and landscape genomics (SNP outlier detection) to identify selection signatures.

Main Results:

  • 53% of field traits showed significant adaptive variation (divergent QST).
  • Identified 2,855 SNPs under diversifying selection, with 118 SNPs (in 81 genes) linked to adaptive traits.
  • Discovered potential pleiotropy, with SNPs affecting multiple traits like phenology, height, and disease resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary quantitative genomics in Populus trichocarpa enhances understanding of climate-driven selection.
  • Key adaptive loci are associated with the climate of origin, highlighting local adaptation.
  • The comprehensive approach provides a framework for studying adaptive capacity to future climate change.