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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

37
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
37
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

256
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
256
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

24
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
24
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

743
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
743

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Hepatitis C: An Eastern Perspective.

Yock Young Dan1, Seng Gee Lim2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Asia presents diverse genotypes and prevalence rates. Key challenges include slow access to new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and significant barriers to screening and care.

Keywords:
AsiaCost-effectivenessHepatitis CRoadmap strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection exhibits significant geographical variation in prevalence across Eastern regions, ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%.
  • Distinct HCV genotype distributions are observed, with genotype 1b dominant in East Asia, genotype 3 in South and Southeast Asia, and genotype 6 in Indochina.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the epidemiological landscape of HCV in the East.
  • To highlight challenges in accessing novel Hepatitis C Virus treatments and care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on HCV prevalence and genotype distribution in Eastern countries.
  • Analysis of the regulatory and clinical access landscape for direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs).

Main Results:

  • Variable HCV prevalence and genotype patterns across East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indochina.
  • Delayed approvals for direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in the region, with pegylated interferon and ribavirin remaining prevalent.
  • Significant obstacles in screening, linkage to management, and overall access to HCV care.

Conclusions:

  • HCV management in the East requires addressing geographical disparities and treatment access barriers.
  • Effective screening and integrated care pathways are crucial for improving outcomes for Hepatitis C Virus patients in the region.