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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

37
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
37
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

330
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
330
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

373
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
373
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

24
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
24
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

256
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
256
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

462
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
462

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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis
05:56

Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis

Published on: August 29, 2025

684

Hepatitis C: Issues in Children.

Christine K Lee1, Maureen M Jonas1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most children with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection go undiagnosed, with perinatal transmission being the primary cause. Pediatric HCV treatment should prioritize newer direct-acting antivirals, deferring current options if possible.

Keywords:
ChildrenDirect acting antiviralHepatitis CPegylated interferonPerinatal transmissionRibavirin

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C infection presents a significant global health challenge, particularly in pediatric populations where diagnosis rates are low.
  • Perinatal transmission is the predominant route for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition in children.
  • Chronic HCV infection in children typically progresses slowly with rare severe complications during childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children.
  • To discuss the evolving treatment strategies for pediatric HCV.
  • To provide guidance on managing HCV in pediatric patients, considering recent advancements in adult treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric HCV epidemiology and treatment.
  • Analysis of current and emerging antiviral therapies for HCV.
  • Evaluation of treatment guidelines for children based on adult data and pediatric-specific considerations.

Main Results:

  • The majority of infected children remain undiagnosed, highlighting a critical gap in identification and care.
  • Current treatment recommendations for pediatric HCV emphasize deferring therapy until direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and interferon-free regimens are approved for this age group.
  • Peginterferon and ribavirin remain an option for children with compensated liver disease if treatment cannot be postponed.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of perinatal HCV infection in children is crucial for timely management.
  • The advent of DAAs and interferon-free regimens offers promising, more effective treatment options for pediatric HCV.
  • Management strategies must balance the need for treatment with the availability of age-appropriate, safe, and effective therapies for children.