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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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[Development of a High Spectral Resolution UV Flat-Field Spectrograph].

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Spectroscopy
    • Diffraction Gratings

    Context:

    • Spherical varied-line-spacing gratings (SVLSGs) are crucial optical elements in spectrometers and spectrographs.
    • SVLSGs enable wide spectral ranges by focusing spectra onto a plane, facilitating integration with array detectors.
    • Commercial gratings often lack detailed line spacing parameters, with mounting optimized for broader, not specific, wavelength ranges.

    Purpose:

    • To develop a method for deducing the precise line spacing parameters of SVLSGs.
    • To optimize detector positioning for specific, narrower wavelength ranges using manufacturer-provided mounting parameters.
    • To validate the deduced parameters by developing and testing a high-resolution ultraviolet spectrograph.

    Summary:

    • A novel method was developed to determine SVLSG line spacing parameters using focusing theory and provided mounting data.
    • This method allowed for optimized detector placement, enhancing performance for a specific 230-280 nm ultraviolet range.
    • A spectrograph utilizing these parameters achieved a spectral resolution of 0.08 nm at 280.20 nm with calibration accuracy better than 0.01 nm.

    Impact:

    • Enables more precise optical system design and optimization for spectral instruments.
    • Facilitates the use of commercial gratings in applications requiring specific wavelength ranges and high resolution.
    • Improves the performance and calibration accuracy of ultraviolet spectrographs.