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    African horse sickness (AHS) is a severe equid disease caused by the African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Increased AHSV serotype spread necessitates preparedness in North Africa and Europe against potential incursions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Arthropod-borne Diseases

    Background:

    • African horse sickness (AHS) is a significant threat to equids, caused by the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), an orbivirus.
    • AHSV outbreaks have historically impacted the Mediterranean region due to equine trade.
    • Recent bluetongue virus emergence in Europe heightened concerns about AHSV introduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review key epidemiological factors of AHS.
    • To discuss surveillance strategies for AHS.
    • To outline prophylaxis measures against AHS.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of AHS epidemiology.
    • Analysis of AHSV spread patterns.
    • Synthesis of surveillance and prophylaxis data.

    Main Results:

    • AHSV poses a recurrent threat to equine health in endemic and non-endemic regions.
    • Recent northward spread of AHSV serotypes 2 and 7 in Africa increases regional risk.
    • Presence of AHSV vectors (Culicoides midges) in Europe necessitates vigilance.

    Conclusions:

    • North African and European countries must prepare for potential AHSV incursions.
    • Enhanced surveillance and robust prophylaxis are crucial for AHS control.
    • Understanding AHSV epidemiology is vital for preventing future outbreaks.