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Related Concept Videos

The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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Tongue01:01

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The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
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The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

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Bluetongue.

N J Maclachlan, C E Mayo, P W Daniels

    Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
    |November 26, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease affecting livestock, spread by insects. Recent spread in Europe may be linked to climate change and human activities, requiring further study for prediction and control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Climate Change Impact on Animal Health

    Background:

    • Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease affecting non-African ungulates, primarily sheep.
    • The disease involves vascular injury, leading to symptoms like hemorrhage, edema, and shock.
    • Bluetongue virus (BTV) and its vector, Culicoides midges, are found globally, with distinct ecosystems and serotypes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the epidemiology of Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in ruminants.
    • To explore the role of climate change and anthropogenic factors in the recent emergence and spread of BTV, particularly in Europe.
    • To understand the distinct biological properties and transmission of recently discovered goat-associated BTVs.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of BTV distribution and disease outbreaks in relation to environmental factors.
    • Investigation of novel BTV strains and their transmission dynamics, including non-midge vectors.
    • Review of recent alterations in BTV global distribution, especially in Europe.

    Main Results:

    • BTV infection is often subclinical but causes severe disease outbreaks at the edges of its global range.
    • Recent regional alterations in BTV distribution, particularly in Europe, are noted.
    • Climate change is proposed as a driver, impacting vector midges, but anthropogenic factors' roles are less defined.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding environmental and anthropogenic drivers is crucial for predicting future BTV emergence.
    • Accurate diagnostic tests are available for BTV infection.
    • Current prevention and control strategies are largely reactive, relying on vaccination and trade restrictions.