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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Isolation And Dendritic Cell-Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus
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Schmallenberg virus infection.

K Wernike, A Elbers, M Beer

    Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
    |November 26, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Schmallenberg virus, an orthobunyavirus, rapidly spread across Europe, causing significant livestock epidemics. Infection during gestation leads to severe birth defects in ruminants, impacting sheep more than cattle.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Ruminant Health

    Background:

    • Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an orthobunyavirus, emerged in Europe in 2011.
    • SBV is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and affects domestic and wild ruminants.
    • While adult animals often show mild or no symptoms, fetal infection causes severe congenital malformations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the emergence and spread of Schmallenberg virus in European livestock.
    • To describe the clinical impact of Schmallenberg virus on ruminants, particularly during gestation.
    • To highlight the differential impact of SBV on sheep and cattle populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Field surveillance and epidemiological investigations.
    • Clinical case reporting and diagnostic confirmation.
    • Assessment of disease impact on affected herds.

    Main Results:

    • Rapid dissemination of Schmallenberg virus across European countries following its initial identification.
    • Significant increase in abortions, stillbirths, and congenital malformations in newborn ruminants.
    • Greater disease severity and economic impact observed in sheep compared to cattle.

    Conclusions:

    • Schmallenberg virus poses a significant threat to European livestock health and welfare.
    • Congenital malformations represent a major consequence of SBV infection during pregnancy.
    • Vaccination strategies are crucial for effective Schmallenberg virus disease control in ruminant populations.