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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Influenza01:27

Influenza

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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Japanese encephalitis.

K Morita, T Nabeshima, C C Buerano

    Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
    |November 26, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a severe flavivirus infection affecting the central nervous system in humans and animals. Vaccination is crucial for controlling JE in endemic and epidemic regions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a flavivirus infection impacting the central nervous system in humans and animals.
    • The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has five genotypes and is transmitted by mosquitoes, involving pigs and birds as amplifiers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of Japanese encephalitis, including its causative agent, transmission, clinical manifestations, geographical distribution, and control measures.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and its impact.
    • Analysis of JEV transmission cycles, genotypes, and geographical spread.
    • Summary of diagnostic methods and control strategies, emphasizing vaccination.

    Main Results:

    • JEV affects humans, horses, and cattle, causing neurological signs and sometimes fatal outcomes.
    • Pigs are susceptible to reproductive losses, while genotype shifts have been observed in several Asian countries.
    • The virus is geographically widespread across Asia and has been detected in Europe.

    Conclusions:

    • Laboratory diagnostics are available for JEV confirmation.
    • Vaccination is a key control measure for Japanese encephalitis in endemic and epidemic areas.