Three-day fever

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Epizootic Disease Research

Background:

• Three-day fever is a viral disease caused by an Ephemerovirus (family Rhabdoviridae), transmitted by arthropod vectors.
• It significantly impacts domestic cattle and buffaloes in tropical/sub-tropical regions, affecting intensive dairy and fattening systems.
• Economic losses stem from reduced milk production, fertility issues, and abortions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of three-day fever in livestock.
• To highlight the economic significance and clinical manifestations of this viral disease.

Main Methods:

• Clinical observation of disease signs including fever, arthritis, stiffness, and lameness.
• Epidemiological assessment considering arthropod vector proliferation.
• Diagnostic indicators such as serofibrinous exudate and immature neutrophils.

Main Results:

• The disease typically presents as a sudden fever with musculoskeletal symptoms, followed by rapid recovery.
• Clinical diagnosis can be challenging due to the absence of pathognomonic signs.
• Epidemiological context and specific clinical findings aid in diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Three-day fever is generally a benign but economically important viral disease in cattle.
• Current management involves symptomatic treatment and live attenuated vaccines.
• Recombinant vaccines show promise for future prophylaxis.