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Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR RS-PCR
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Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer.

R Boss1, A Cosandey2, M Luini3

  • 1Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.

Journal of Dairy Science
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study compared three methods for subtyping Staphylococcus aureus in cattle, finding ribosomal spacer (RS)-PCR most effective. It also revealed that while animal strains evolve from human ones, direct zoonotic transfer of mastitis-causing bacteria between cattle and humans is limited.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusbovine intramammary infectionphylogenysubtypingzoonotic transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of contagious bovine mastitis.
  • Previous studies indicated genetic diversity among bovine Staphylococcus aureus strains.
  • Ribosomal spacer PCR (RS-PCR), spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are methods for bacterial subtyping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the discriminatory power of RS-PCR, spa typing, and MLST for subtyping Staphylococcus aureus from bovine intramammary infections.
  • To infer the phylogeny of animal Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To investigate the zoonotic potential of Staphylococcus aureus between cattle and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 456 Staphylococcus aureus strains from bovine milk and bulk tanks across 12 European countries.
  • Comparative subtyping using RS-PCR, spa typing, and MLST.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and investigation of host-associated genetic markers.

Main Results:

  • RS-PCR demonstrated the highest resolution in differentiating Staphylococcus aureus strains, followed by spa typing and MLST.
  • Six major genotypic clusters were identified, with CLB, CLC, and CLR being most prevalent.
  • Strong associations were found between RS-PCR clusters CLB and CLC and specific MLST clonal complexes (CC8 and CC705, respectively), indicating cattle-adapted clones.
  • Bovine Staphylococcus aureus exhibits a clonal population structure, with a few predominant clones.
  • Animal strains appear to evolve from human strains, but direct zoonotic transfer is limited.

Conclusions:

  • RS-PCR is the most effective method for high-resolution subtyping of bovine Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Bovine Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by a few dominant, clonal lineages, some of which are host-adapted.
  • While animal strains originate from human ancestors, significant zoonotic transmission between cattle and humans is unlikely, though spillover events can occur.