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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

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Urodynamic function during sleep-like brain states in urethane anesthetized rats.

J Crook¹, T Lovick¹

¹Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.

|November 26, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep-like brain states alter rat voiding control. Bladder function became irregular during slow wave activity, linked to changes in periaqueductal gray neuron firing. This suggests brain states influence micturition circuitry.

Keywords:

bladder urodynamics micturition periaqueductal gray rat sleep-like EEG state urethane

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Urology
Sleep Science

Background:

The micturition reflex is complex, involving central and peripheral neural pathways.
Sleep-wake states are known to influence autonomic functions, but their specific impact on bladder control remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between sleep-like brain states and urodynamic parameters.
To examine the functional excitability of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) during different brain states in the context of bladder voiding.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous recordings of detrusor pressure, external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyogram (EMG), and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in urethane-anesthetized rats.
Single-unit activity was recorded in the PAG during bladder filling and voiding.
EEG was analyzed to differentiate between synchronized slow wave activity (SWA) and desynchronized 'activated' brain states.

Main Results:

Voiding became more irregular during SWA compared to the 'activated' state, with increased detrusor void pressure and volume thresholds.
The firing rate of many PAG neurons (52% of recorded cells) was modulated by the EEG state, with most (92%) firing slower during SWA.
A subset of PAG neurons (23%) exhibited firing patterns linked to voiding events, and 83% of these were sensitive to EEG state changes, with reduced responses during SWA.

Conclusions:

Urodynamic properties and bladder voiding control are altered during different sleep-like brain states.
Changes in the excitability of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) micturition circuitry likely contribute to the observed alterations in bladder function during varying brain states.