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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

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Human embryonic stem cells.

Pauliina Damdimopoulou1, Sergey Rodin2, Sonya Stenfelt1

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), derived from IVF embryos, offer regenerative medicine potential. Current techniques ensure their safety and functionality for clinical trials in conditions like AMD and SCI.

Keywords:
age-related macular degenerationembryonic stem cellpluripotencyregenerative medicinespinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were established in 1998, offering a pluripotent cell source for regenerative medicine.
  • hESCs are derived from surplus human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos.
  • Research has focused on factors regulating pluripotency and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of techniques for establishing and utilizing human embryonic stem cell lines.
  • To highlight advancements in animal substance-free culture conditions and single-cell derivation.
  • To discuss the established safety and functionality assessments for hESCs.

Main Methods:

  • Establishment and expansion of hESCs in animal substance-free conditions.
  • Single-cell biopsy from eight-cell stage embryos for hESC derivation.
  • Genetic stability, tumorigenicity, functionality, and safety testing of hESCs.

Main Results:

  • hESCs can be reliably established and expanded in defined, animal substance-free conditions.
  • Comprehensive tests confirm the genetic stability and safety of hESC lines.
  • Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate the therapeutic potential of hESCs.

Conclusions:

  • hESC technology has advanced significantly, enabling safe and effective derivation and expansion.
  • hESCs are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine applications.
  • Clinical trials for age-related macular degeneration and spinal cord injury are progressing.