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Social support: diverse theoretical perspectives.

M J Stewart1

  • 1Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University School of Nursing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Five theories offer valuable insights into social support, explaining motivations, coping mechanisms, and relationship dynamics. Understanding these theoretical frameworks enhances social support assessment and practice for health professionals.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Social support is crucial for well-being, yet its theoretical underpinnings are often overlooked.
  • Existing research frequently fails to integrate key psychological theories into social support interpretations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the utility of attribution, coping, equity, loneliness, and social comparison theories for understanding social support.
  • To demonstrate how these theories enhance the interpretation of social support appraisal and helping behaviors.
  • To delineate the relevance of these theoretical perspectives for health professional assessment and practice.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a theoretical review and synthesis of existing psychological theories.
  • It analyzes how attribution, coping, equity, loneliness, and social comparison theories can be applied to social support.

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Main Results:

  • Attribution theory clarifies donor motives and help-seeking dynamics.
  • Coping theory integrates social support into stress processes and highlights cognitive aspects.
  • Equity theory explains support reciprocity, while loneliness theory emphasizes affective dimensions.
  • Social comparison theory illuminates peer support effects.
  • All five theories enrich the understanding of 'appraisal' and 'helping' in social support.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating these five theories provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding social support.
  • These theoretical insights are directly applicable to health professional assessment and practice, improving patient care.
  • Recognizing these theoretical connections can lead to more effective interventions and support strategies.