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Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer: Current status and future prospects
Hui Tao1, Jing-Jing Yang2, Xiao Zhou1
1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
Abstract:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%, despite significant advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Combined genomic and transcriptomic sequencing studies have identified numerous genetic driver mutations that are responsible for the development of lung cancer. Importantly, these approaches have also uncovered the widespread expression of "noncoding RNAs" including long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), which impact biologic responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription or translation. To date, most studies of the role of noncoding RNAs have focused on LncRNAs, which regulate mRNA translation via the RNA interference pathway. Although many of their attributes, such as patterns of expression, remain largely unknown, LncRNAs have key functions in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic gene regulation. Recent research showed that LncRNAs regulate flowering time in the lung cancer. In this review, we discuss these investigations into long noncoding RNAs were performed almost exclusively in lung cancer. Future work will need to extend these into lung cancer and to analyze how LncRNAs interact to regulate mRNA expression. From a clinical perspective, the targeting of LncRNAs as a novel therapeutic approach will require a deeper understanding of their function and mechanism of action.
Insights
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in lung cancer development and progression. Further research into LncRNA function and interactions is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with limited survival rates.
- Genomic and transcriptomic studies have identified driver mutations and highlighted the role of noncoding RNAs in lung cancer.
- Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with significant regulatory functions in gene expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current investigations into the role of long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in lung cancer.
- To highlight the potential of LncRNAs as therapeutic targets in lung cancer treatment.
- To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions concerning LncRNA function in lung cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in lung cancer.
- Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data related to noncoding RNA expression.
- Discussion of the regulatory mechanisms of LncRNAs in gene expression.
Main Results:
- Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are widely expressed in lung cancer and play critical roles in gene regulation.
- LncRNAs influence biological responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription and translation.
- Recent studies indicate LncRNAs regulate key processes such as flowering time in lung cancer.
Conclusions:
- Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a promising area for novel therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
- A deeper understanding of LncRNA function and mechanisms is essential for clinical translation.
- Future research should focus on the interactions of LncRNAs and their impact on mRNA expression in lung cancer.
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