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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation01:56

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Determination01:51

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
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Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation

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Neural crest: The fourth germ layer.

K Shyamala1, Sarita Yanduri2, H C Girish1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital No. 14, Ramohally Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bengaluru - 560 060, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vital for vertebrate development, forming diverse cell types. Understanding their formation and migration aids research into diseases like cancer metastasis.

Keywords:
Delaminationepithelial mesenchymal transitionmigrationneural crest cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Neural crest cells (NCCs) originate from the dorsal neural tube in early vertebrate embryos.
  • NCCs exhibit multipotency, extensive migration, and form numerous differentiated cell types, earning them the title of the 'fourth germ layer'.
  • Formation requires signals from non-neural ectoderm, neural plate, and mesoderm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted aspects of neural crest cell formation, migration, and differentiation.
  • To highlight the critical role of signaling molecules in NCC development.
  • To explore the implications of NCC biology for understanding cancer metastasis and other diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on neural crest cell biology.
  • It analyzes signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms governing NCC development.
  • Comparative embryological data is discussed.

Main Results:

  • NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, delamination, and directed migration.
  • A complex interplay of signaling molecules regulates each stage of NCC development.
  • NCCs differentiate into a wide array of cell types, including neurons, glia, and craniofacial cartilage.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NCC formation and migration is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Insights into NCCs offer potential models for studying cancer metastasis.
  • Further research into NCC signaling pathways may unlock therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.