[The later years of Johann Georg Heine in The Netherlands (1828-1838)]

Recent reviews of the archives with respect to the last years of life of J. G. Heine necessitate a revision of his respective image. His late bizarre personal and professional opinions can no longer be considered merely as misdevelopments due to advanced age and without scientific value. Modern research rather considers the personal development of J. G. Heine as the expression of an increasingly manifesting psychosis, dominating his life and work decisively during the concluding years of his life. His seemingly "confused work at old age" can however not be explained solely by these circumstances, but can be understood within the historic concept only, as a curing system of the romantic period characteristic for that time. In spite of all errors and mistakes resulting from this standpoint, the system contains numerous valuable approaches and advanced ideas. J. G. Heine has not yet received much credit for them, but several of them are now common concepts of modern medicine.