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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
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Small renal neoplasms: clinical, pathologic, and imaging features.

E Levine1, M Huntrakoon, L H Wetzel

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Bell Memorial Hospital, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Small renal neoplasms, often incidentally found via CT scans, are frequently low-stage renal cell carcinomas with good prognoses. Further imaging may be needed for definitive characterization of these small kidney tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Increasing use of abdominal CT and sonography leads to more frequent detection of small renal neoplasms.
  • The natural history and characteristics of small renal neoplasms are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical, pathological, and imaging findings of solitary renal neoplasms measuring 3 cm or less.
  • To understand the natural history and prognosis of small renal tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 22 patients with surgically confirmed solitary renal neoplasms (≤3 cm).
  • Analysis of clinical, pathological, and imaging data, including CT, sonography, and IV urography.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with histopathological diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • 15 (68%) neoplasms were renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 6 (27%) were oncocytomas, and 1 (5%) was lymphoma.
  • Most RCCs (93%) were confined to the kidney with no metastases observed, suggesting a good prognosis.
  • Radiological differentiation between RCC, oncocytomas, and lymphoma was not possible using CT, sonography, or angiography.

Conclusions:

  • Small renal neoplasms are often incidentally discovered by CT in asymptomatic patients.
  • The majority of small renal neoplasms are low-stage RCCs with favorable prognoses.
  • Combined imaging modalities may be necessary for characterizing small renal lesions, though definitive diagnosis requires pathology.