Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

60
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
60
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

45
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
45
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

39
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
39
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

53
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
53
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

33
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
33
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

36
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
36

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of disodium 5'-guanylate produced with <i>Corynebacterium stationis</i>KCCM 10530 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 KFCC 11067 for all animal species (CJ Europe GmbH).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021
Same author

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the fruits of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> (Lour.) Pers. (litsea berry oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021
Same author

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of <i>Citrus</i> × <i>aurantium</i> L. (petitgrain bigarade oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021
Same author

Safety and efficacy of an additive consisting of potassium diformate (Formi™ LHS) for piglets (weaned) and pigs for fattening (Addcon GmbH).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021
Same author

Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> (98%) and Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> (80%) as riboflavin produced by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> KCCM 10445 for all animal species (Hubei Guangji Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021
Same author

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting on <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (formerly <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>) CECT 8350 and <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> (formerly <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>) CECT 8700 (AQ02) for suckling piglets (AQUILON CYL S.L.).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K

Microbiome and Gluten.

Yolanda Sanz1

  • 1Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease (CD) involves gluten intolerance in genetically predisposed individuals. Gut microbiota imbalances (dysbiosis) may trigger and worsen CD, suggesting microbiome-based interventions could improve management.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals (HLA-DQ2/8).
  • Gluten exposure alone doesn't fully explain CD onset, suggesting other environmental factors are involved.
  • Perinatal and early life factors influence CD risk and gut microbiota composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of environmental factors, particularly the gut microbiota, in celiac disease pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the relationship between host genetics, environmental triggers, and intestinal microbiota in CD development.
  • To understand how dysbiosis contributes to CD inflammation and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and prospective studies on CD risk factors.

More Related Videos

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

25.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Compounds on Intestinal Tissue Using 3D Human Cell Line Models
07:39

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Compounds on Intestinal Tissue Using 3D Human Cell Line Models

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

25.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Compounds on Intestinal Tissue Using 3D Human Cell Line Models
07:39

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Compounds on Intestinal Tissue Using 3D Human Cell Line Models

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.1K
  • Analysis of gut microbiota composition in CD patients and healthy individuals.
  • Examination of experimental models investigating host-microbe interactions in CD.

    • Main Results:

    • CD patients exhibit intestinal microbiota imbalances (dysbiosis) that persist despite a gluten-free diet.
    • Host HLA-DQ genotype and environmental factors influence microbiota composition in at-risk infants.
    • Dysbiosis may promote CD by increasing pro-inflammatory bacteria and decreasing beneficial ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Gut dysbiosis is hypothesized to play a dual role in CD, both aggravating pathogenesis and potentially initiating inflammation.
    • Intestinal bacteria and their interaction with host genetics are crucial in CD development.
    • Microbiome-informed strategies hold promise for improving celiac disease management by optimizing host-microbe interactions.