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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

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Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
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S-sulfhydration as a cellular redox regulation.

Małgorzata Iciek1, Danuta Kowalczyk-Pachel2, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz2

  • 1Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland miciek@cm-uj.krakow.pl.

Bioscience Reports
|November 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydropersulfides and polysulfides, are key regulators of thiol-based redox signaling. These compounds mediate S-sulfhydration, reversibly modifying proteins and influencing cellular functions.

Keywords:
S-sulfhydrationhydrogen sulfidehydropersulfidesreactive sulfur speciessulfane sulfursulfurtransferases

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Redox Biology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are established thiol regulators.
  • Emerging research highlights the role of reactive sulfur species (RSS) in thiol-based redox regulation.
  • RSS encompass hydropersulfides, polysulfides, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis and biological properties of RSS.
  • To elucidate the significance of S-sulfhydration in cellular processes.
  • To compare the signaling roles of RSS and RNS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific reports.
  • Analysis of data on RSS biogenesis and biological functions.
  • Examination of protein modifications by S-sulfhydration.

Main Results:

  • Sulfane sulfur compounds (hydropersulfides, polysulfides) are superior mediators of S-sulfhydration compared to H2S.
  • S-sulfhydration reversibly modifies protein cysteine residues ('redox switches'), impacting catalytic activity.
  • RSS regulate KATP channels, transcription factors (e.g., NFκB), and therapeutic effects of sulfur compounds.

Conclusions:

  • RSS play a critical role in thiol-based redox regulation through S-sulfhydration.
  • S-sulfhydration is a widespread post-translational modification affecting diverse protein functions.
  • Understanding RSS signaling pathways offers insights into cellular regulation and therapeutic strategies.