Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Late Reconstruction of the Orbit With Patient-Specific Implants Using Computer-Aided Planning and Navigation
Arnulf Baumann1, Klaus Sinko2, Guido Dorner3
1Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Purpose:
Reconstruction of orbital deformities is a challenging task. Virtual 3-dimensional (3D) planning and the use of patient-specific implants (PSIs) could improve anatomic and functional outcomes in the orbital region.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective study was performed of patients who underwent late orbital reconstruction from 2009 to 2013. To be included in the study, patients had a unilateral orbital deformity by involvement of at least 2 orbital wall defects. No orbital osteotomies could be used to correct the deformity. All patients underwent 3D virtual treatment planning. The unaffected orbit was mirrored onto the affected orbit. The PSI was fabricated according to this plan. Navigation was used to check the implant position.
Results:
Six patients were included in this study. All patients had diplopia or motility limitations and enophthalmos. The ophthalmic parameters showed improvement in all patients. Enophthalmos was corrected adequately by the PSI. Four patients received a poly-ether-ether-ketone PSI. Two patients received a titanium mesh PSI. The position of the PSI was controlled by intraoperative navigation. Superimposition of the planned and postoperative positions of the PSI showed good correlation.
Conclusion:
PSIs placed with intraoperative navigation facilitate late or secondary correction of orbital deformities.
