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Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis diagnosed by 16S rRNA PCR
T M J Beernink1, P C Wever2, M H A Hermans3
1Department of Neurology, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a common Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium from the oral flora of dogs, typically transmitted to humans by dog bites. We report a case of C. canimorsus meningitis where there was (on presentation) no apparent predisposing risk factor and in whom we used 16S rRNA PCR gene sequencing to identify the pathogen quickly and to switch to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Physicians should be aware of potential C. canimorsus meningitis if conventional cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture is negative but Gram staining identifies bacteria, especially in patients with a recent dog bite or known immunodeficiency.
Insights
Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis can occur without obvious risk factors. Rapid 16S rRNA PCR gene sequencing aids quick pathogen identification and antibiotic treatment for this dog-associated bacterium.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
Background:
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium from canine oral flora, is a known pathogen transmitted via dog bites.
- Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, can be caused by various bacterial agents.
Observation:
- A case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis is presented in a patient with no apparent predisposing risk factors upon initial presentation.
- Initial diagnostic workup included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.
Findings:
- Conventional bacterial cultures of CSF were negative.
- Gram staining of CSF identified bacteria, prompting further investigation.
- 16S rRNA PCR gene sequencing rapidly identified Capnocytophaga canimorsus as the causative agent.
- This rapid identification enabled a timely switch to appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Implications:
- Physicians should consider Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis in cases with negative bacterial cultures but positive Gram stains, particularly in patients with a history of dog bites or immunodeficiency.
- 16S rRNA PCR gene sequencing is a valuable tool for rapid pathogen identification in meningitis, especially when conventional methods are inconclusive.
- Early and accurate diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis can lead to improved patient outcomes through prompt and targeted antibiotic treatment.
