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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Growing interest in bilingualism and its cognitive effects.
  • Inconsistent findings in bilingualism research necessitate re-evaluation.
  • Previous studies suggest bilinguals may have fewer long responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the link between maximum response times and reported bilingual advantages.
  • Explore how data trimming procedures impact bilingualism research findings.
  • Shed light on discrepancies in cognitive impacts of bilingualism.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 68 experiments from 33 articles.
  • Comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers' performance.
  • Analysis of data from Simon, Spatial Stroop, and Flanker interference tasks.

Main Results:

  • Studies including longer response times were more likely to report a bilingualism effect.
  • A correlation was found between data trimming procedures and observed bilingual advantages.
  • Response time distribution profiles are affected by bilingualism.

Conclusions:

  • Data trimming, such as maximum response time inclusion, can significantly impact research outcomes.
  • Methodological details are crucial for consistent and reliable findings in bilingualism studies.
  • Suggests the need for more granular analytical procedures in cognitive research.