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Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Anaphase A and B

Anaphase A and B

Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...

Anaphase A and B

Anaphase A and B

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

Keeping Order in Anaphase.

Marcos Malumbres¹

¹Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.

Developmental Cell

|November 27, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found competing networks and adaptive thresholds control mitotic exit. This study clarifies the anaphase-promoting complex's role in orchestrating cell division events.

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Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

Published on: October 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Chromosome segregation machinery components are known.
The precise orchestration of mitotic events remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling mitotic exit.
To elucidate the role of the anaphase-promoting complex in cell division timing.

Main Methods:

Quantitative data analysis.
Molecular cell biology techniques.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests competing regulatory networks influence mitotic progression.
Adaptive thresholds play a role in controlling the timing of mitotic exit.
The anaphase-promoting complex is implicated in this regulatory process.

Conclusions:

The findings provide new insights into the complex control of cell division.
This work highlights the importance of dynamic regulatory networks in mitosis.