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A new regulatory network limits vascular growth in plants. Thermospermine synthase ACAULIS5 promotes SAC51-LIKE (SACL) factors, which compete with TMO5/LHW to prevent excessive cell division and control tissue dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Precise control of cell division is crucial for regulating tissue dimensions in multicellular organisms.
  • In plants, the target of monopteros5 (TMO5) and lonesome highway (LHW) bHLH transcription factor complex is a key regulator of vascular width-increasing cell divisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the regulatory network that limits the activity of the TMO5/LHW complex.
  • To understand the quantitative control of vascular tissue growth in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of thermospermine synthase ACAULIS5 (A5) in regulating TMO5/LHW activity.
  • Analyzed the interaction between A5, SAC51-LIKE (SACL) transcription factors, and the TMO5/LHW complex.
  • Assessed the impact of SACL proteins on TMO5/LHW target gene activation and cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • ACAULIS5 antagonizes TMO5/LHW activity by increasing SACL transcription factor levels.
  • SACL proteins heterodimerize with LHW, potentially competing with TMO5/LHW interactions.
  • SACL proteins inhibit TMO5/LHW target gene activation and suppress over-proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a novel regulatory network connecting ACAULIS5 and SACL factors to TMO5/LHW signaling.
  • Demonstrated a mechanism for quantitative control of vascular tissue growth through modulation of TMO5/LHW activity.
  • Provided mechanistic insights into how plant tissue dimensions are precisely regulated.