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HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy and the heart: a cellular to epidemiological review

C T Lambert1, P B Sandesara1, B Hirsh2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

HIV Medicine
|November 28, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-1 infection introduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. This review covers HIV-related cardiac issues, HAART

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed HIV-1 infection into a manageable chronic condition.
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV.
  • HIV infection itself is an independent risk factor for CVD, beyond traditional risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations associated with HIV infection.
  • To examine the cardiometabolic effects of HAART.
  • To discuss atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies in HIV-1-infected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV, HAART, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Synthesis of information on cardiac manifestations and cardiometabolic effects.
  • Analysis of current guidelines for ASCVD risk assessment and management in HIV-1-positive populations.

Main Results:

  • HIV infection presents with diverse vascular and nonvascular cardiac complications.
  • HAART can induce significant cardiometabolic changes, impacting CVD risk.
  • Effective ASCVD risk management in HIV-1-infected individuals requires a comprehensive approach.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HIV-related cardiac issues and HAART's effects is crucial for managing CVD in this population.
  • Integrated strategies for ASCVD risk assessment, prevention, and treatment are essential for improving long-term outcomes in people with HIV-1 infection.

Keywords:
HIVatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular diseaseendothelial dysfunctionhighly active antiretroviral therapyprevention

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