Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes
Published on: January 7, 2013
Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease
Simona Granata1, Alessandra Dalla Gassa1, Paola Tomei1
1Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy.
Abstract:
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases oxidative stress via mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants show promise for managing renal damage, but clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Mitochondrial Medicine
- Oxidative Stress Biology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cellular metabolic alterations leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by increased electron leakage during oxidative phosphorylation, contributes significantly to ROS generation and subsequent renal damage.
- ROS can cause widespread cellular and tissue damage through oxidation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review available mitochondria-targeted antioxidant compounds for potential use in managing CKD.
- To highlight the importance of understanding the effects, targets, and adverse effects of these agents.
- To inform nephrology, internal medicine, and renal transplant centers about therapeutic options.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant compounds.
- Analysis of their characteristics and potential application in CKD management.
- Assessment of the current clinical investigation status of these agents.
Main Results:
- Various antioxidants, including endogenous, food-derived, plant extracts, and targeted molecules, can mitigate mitochondria-related impairments.
- The clinical application of these antioxidants in CKD is currently limited and underexplored.
- Understanding the specific mechanisms and potential side effects is crucial for effective utilization.
Conclusions:
- Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CKD by addressing oxidative stress.
- Further clinical investigation and large-scale trials are essential to establish the efficacy and safety profile of these compounds.
- Definitive information regarding their use in clinical practice is currently lacking.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
01:18Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management
01:37Mitochondria