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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Microbial Leaching01:27

Microbial Leaching

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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores
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EPA SITE Emerging Technology Program: COGNIS TERRAMET® Lead Extraction Process.

W E Fristad1, D K Elliott, M D Royer2

  • 1a COGNIS, Inc , Santa Rosa , California.

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|November 28, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COGNIS TERRAMET® Lead Extraction Process effectively removes lead from contaminated soil. This innovative technology was successfully scaled up for large-volume soil remediation, meeting cleanup criteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Soil Remediation Technologies

Background:

  • Lead contamination in soil poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Existing remediation technologies often face challenges with efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
  • The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program seeks to advance emerging environmental technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the COGNIS TERRAMET® Lead Extraction Process for removing lead from contaminated soils.
  • To assess the feasibility of scaling up the lead extraction process from bench-scale to full-scale operation.
  • To demonstrate the process's ability to meet stringent environmental cleanup criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Bench-scale studies involving both batch and continuous-treatment modes were conducted on lead-contaminated soils.
  • Physical pretreatment methods, including particle size separation and density separation, were employed to enhance the extraction process.
  • Characterization of soil and identification of lead contamination were performed prior to treatment.

Main Results:

  • The COGNIS TERRAMET® process successfully leached and recovered lead from various contaminated soil samples.
  • Successful scale-up resulted in a full-scale treatment plant operation at the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP).
  • Over 20,000 tons of soil were treated, with lead and seven other heavy metals extracted to meet cleanup standards.

Conclusions:

  • The COGNIS TERRAMET® Lead Extraction Process is a viable and effective technology for remediating lead-contaminated soils.
  • The technology demonstrates successful scalability and application in large-scale environmental cleanup projects.
  • The process contributes to meeting environmental cleanup criteria for heavy metal-contaminated sites.