Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

1.5K
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.5K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

1.3K
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
1.3K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

8.9K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
8.9K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

58.7K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
58.7K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

52.5K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.5K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

13.7K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
13.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rhythmicity and Trait Absorption Are Linked to Nonordinary States of Consciousness.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Stimulus statistical context sensitivity of deviant responses to auditory intensity changes.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Neural adaptation in brain responses to vocal and emotional sounds in school-age children.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

Health-economic challenges for new Alzheimer's disease treatments.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Not All Rules Are Equal: Rare Conditional Rules Shape Behaviour but Yield to Global Probability in Passive Listening.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Bilingual Exposure and Sex Shape Developmental Trajectories of Brain Responses to Speech-Sound Features in Infants.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

Training in the Categorization of Aerial and Terrestrial Scenes Differentially Impacts Scene-Selective and Nonscene-Selective Regions in Occipitotemporal Cortex.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Superficial Ventral Premotor Pathways to Primary Motor Cortex Shape the Temporal Coordination of Precision Grasping.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the Influence of Lexical Surprisal on Acoustic Speech Encoding While Controlling for Within-Speaker Variability.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Profiles of Women in Science: Seung-Hee Lee, Associate Professor at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Associate Director of the Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Impact of Voluntary Alcohol Consumption on Corticostriatal Plasticity in Rats.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The Relevance of a Philosophical Toolkit to Advance Neuroscience.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
10:50

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach

Published on: June 6, 2012

15.0K

Functional dissociation between regularity encoding and deviance detection along the auditory hierarchy.

Maryam Aghamolaei1,2,3, Katarzyna Zarnowiec1,2, Sabine Grimm1,2,4

  • 1Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona, Passeig de la vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|November 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory deviance detection involves early middle-latency responses and later mismatch negativity (MMN). This study shows middle-latency responses detect novelty, while MMN encodes the magnitude of auditory deviance.

Keywords:
auditory evoked potentialdeviance magnitudehumanmiddle-latency responsemismatch negativity

More Related Videos

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.8K
Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness
04:04

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
10:50

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach

Published on: June 6, 2012

15.0K
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.8K
Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness
04:04

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory System Function
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Auditory deviance detection, crucial for processing auditory information, is traditionally assessed using mismatch negativity (MMN).
  • Earlier neural correlates of deviance detection, occurring within the first 50 ms, have been observed in middle-latency responses (MLR).
  • The functional relationship between early and late auditory processing stages in deviance detection remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship between regularity encoding and deviance detection across different levels of the auditory hierarchy.
  • To examine how changes in the magnitude of auditory deviance are processed at the middle-latency response and MMN levels.
  • To functionally dissociate regularity encoding and deviance magnitude encoding along the auditory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory stimuli were presented from five loudspeakers at varying azimuthal angles (0°, 12°, 24°, 36°, 48°) under oddball and reversed-oddball conditions.
  • The study measured auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), specifically focusing on middle-latency responses and mismatch negativity (MMN).
  • Deviant-related responses were analyzed in relation to the degree of spatial deviation from a repeated standard stimulus.

Main Results:

  • Middle-latency responses (MLRs) demonstrated sensitivity to the presence of auditory deviance but not to the degree of deviation.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude showed a significant increase as a function of the deviance magnitude.
  • These findings suggest a hierarchical processing of auditory deviance, with early stages encoding regularity and later stages encoding deviance magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic regularity is encoded at the level of the middle-latency response in the auditory system.
  • Encoding of deviance magnitude requires a higher level of auditory processing, as evidenced by the MMN.
  • This study provides a functional dissociation between regularity encoding and deviance magnitude detection along the auditory hierarchy.