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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Colloidal silica-induced hypersensitivity: myth or reality.

Nadia Ben Fredj1, Najeh Ben Fadhel2, Amel Chaabane2

  • 1Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. benfredj.nadia@gmail.com.

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
|November 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal silica, a common drug excipient, may cause skin hypersensitivity reactions. A patient developed a rash after diclofenac, with positive patch tests to silica and other NSAIDs.

Keywords:
Colloidal silicaDrug hypersensitivity reactionPatch test

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Drug excipients, such as coloring additives and preservatives, are known to cause hypersensitivity.
  • Colloidal silica has not previously been associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old patient experienced a skin eruption two days after taking diclofenac (Voltaren®).
  • Patch testing confirmed diclofenac hypersensitivity and revealed cross-reactivity to piroxicam, ketoprofen, and indomethacin.
  • A subsequent patch test indicated hypersensitivity to colloidal silica, a common excipient.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited a positive patch test reaction to colloidal silica.
  • This suggests colloidal silica can induce hypersensitivity reactions.

Implications:

  • Colloidal silica should be considered a potential cause of drug-induced skin hypersensitivity.
  • This finding expands the list of known culprit excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Further investigation into silica's role in adverse drug reactions is warranted.