Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

7.2K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
7.2K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

3.5K
3.5K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

9.2K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
9.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.5K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

36.2K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
36.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

27.1K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
27.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Translon: a single term for translated regions.

Nature methods·2025
Same author

Localization of Long Noncoding RNA in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Vascular Tissue Using In Situ Hybridization.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2022
Same author

Single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of mouse endothelial cells in response to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Cardiovascular research·2021
Same author

Glucocorticoids regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in fetal cardiomyocytes.

The Journal of physiology·2021
Same author

MIR503HG Loss Promotes Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Vascular Disease.

Circulation research·2021
Same author

<i>CARMN</i> Loss Regulates Smooth Muscle Cells and Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice.

Circulation research·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

14.8K

Poly(A)-binding proteins and mRNA localization: who rules the roost?

Nicola K Gray1, Lenka Hrabálková2, Jessica P Scanlon2

  • 1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, U.K. Nicola.gray@ed.ac.uk.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|November 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are key regulators of mRNA. Their cellular distribution shifts dramatically during stress or infection, but the mechanisms and functions remain unclear.

Keywords:
chromatoid bodycytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPC1)localized translationmessenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granulesnucleocytoplasmicpoly(A)-binding protein (PABP)stress granule

More Related Videos

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology
11:19

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

9.6K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

14.8K
Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology
11:19

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

9.6K
Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) exhibit complex cellular localization and functions.
  • Mammalian cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are crucial for mRNA translation and stability.
  • PABPs dynamically shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, forming various cytoplasmic foci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging evidence on the mechanisms governing PABP sub-cellular distribution and relocalization in mammals.
  • To clarify the unclear functions of PABPs at specific cellular sites.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature.
  • Focuses on mammalian systems.

Main Results:

  • PABP distribution changes significantly under cellular stress or viral infection.
  • PABPs can become predominantly nuclear or enriched in stress-induced cytoplasmic foci.
  • Mechanisms controlling PABP relocalization are not well understood.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PABP dynamics is crucial for comprehending mRNA regulation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and site-specific functions of PABPs.