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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

Published on: June 26, 2018

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Functionally heterogeneous synaptic vesicle pools support diverse synaptic signalling.

Simon Chamberland1, Katalin Tóth1

  • 1Quebec Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3.

The Journal of Physiology
|November 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Presynaptic terminals use diverse vesicle populations to regulate neurotransmitter release. Molecular heterogeneity in these vesicles fine-tunes neuronal communication and response to physiological signals.

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Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Vesicle Pool Replenishment in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons using FM Dyes
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Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Vesicle Pool Replenishment in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons using FM Dyes

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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

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Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Vesicle Pool Replenishment in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons using FM Dyes
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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic communication relies on presynaptic vesicle fusion for neurotransmitter release.
  • Calcium dynamics at the presynaptic terminal control vesicle release timing and quantity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms generating diverse vesicle populations within single presynaptic terminals.
  • To understand how molecular heterogeneity influences vesicle function and neurotransmission.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated vesicle subpopulations and their molecular composition.
  • Analyzed distinct recycling pathways and adaptor proteins.
  • Examined factors like release sites and spatial segregation.

Main Results:

  • Vesicle subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular compositions and functional properties.
  • Diverse recycling pathways and adaptor proteins contribute to vesicle heterogeneity.
  • Molecular heterogeneity is central to defining functional properties of vesicle subpopulations.

Conclusions:

  • Presynaptic terminals possess heterogeneous vesicle pools, enabling tailored responses to physiological signals.
  • Molecular diversity of vesicles is a key determinant of presynaptic terminal function and synaptic plasticity.