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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

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Reconstruction of Skull Base Defects.

Cristine N Klatt-Cromwell1, Brian D Thorp1, Anthony G Del Signore1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB# 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|November 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery requires advanced reconstruction. This article reviews reconstructive options, from grafts to vascular flaps, detailing their uses and limitations for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CSF leakEndoscopic skull base surgeryNasoseptal flapPericranial flapSkull base reconstructionTemporoparietal flap

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Skull Base Surgery

Background:

  • Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery has advanced significantly.
  • These advancements necessitate improved reconstructive techniques.
  • Understanding current reconstructive options is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reconstructive techniques for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.
  • To detail the strengths, weaknesses, and common uses of various reconstructive options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reconstructive options.
  • Description of acellular grafts.
  • Description of vascular flaps.

Main Results:

  • Various reconstructive options are available.
  • Acellular grafts offer specific benefits and limitations.
  • Vascular flaps provide robust reconstruction with distinct advantages.

Conclusions:

  • Reconstructive techniques are vital for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.
  • The choice of reconstruction depends on specific clinical scenarios.
  • Continued innovation in reconstruction enhances surgical success.