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Understanding Toxicities of Targeted Agents: Implications for Anti-tumor Activity and Management

Sariah Liu1, Razelle Kurzrock1

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA.

Seminars in Oncology
|November 29, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Targeted cancer treatments cause side effects like skin issues and endocrine problems. Identifying on-target toxicities is key, as managing them may improve treatment outcomes and avoid dose reduction.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Targeted therapies offer precise cancer treatment but present unique side effects.
  • Toxicities are categorized as on-target (mechanism-driven) or off-target (agent-specific or immune-mediated).
  • Factors like drug concentration and genetic variations influence toxicity severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify and discuss the side effects of targeted cancer treatments.
  • To differentiate between on-target and off-target toxicities.
  • To explore the implications of on-target toxicities for treatment management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on targeted therapy side effects.
  • Classification of toxicities based on mechanism of action and drug class.
  • Analysis of factors influencing toxicity, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Main Results:

  • Common side effects include dermatologic, endocrine, and organ-specific toxicities.
  • On-target toxicities are linked to the therapeutic mechanism and can correlate with treatment response.
  • Off-target toxicities vary by drug class (e.g., small molecule inhibitors, antibodies) and can involve metabolites or immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding on-target toxicities is crucial for effective management, potentially improving outcomes.
  • Managing on-target side effects may be preferable to dose reduction or discontinuation.
  • Further research into drug-drug interactions and personalized management strategies is warranted.

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