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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Running Injuries: The Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Plica Injuries.

Jenny McConnell1

  • 1McConnell Physiotherapy Group, 4 Bond St, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia; Centre for Sports Medicine Research and Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|December 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Runner knee pain often stems from increased limb loading. This article explores how infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica issues contribute to knee symptoms by examining lower limb mechanics.

Keywords:
Hoffa padKnee biomechanicsNociceptiveOA painQuadriceps inhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Knee pain is common in runners, often linked to increased training load.
  • Understanding the source of knee pain requires evaluating lower limb mechanics, footwear, and running surfaces.
  • Specific structures like the infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica can be involved in knee symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify potential sources of knee pain in runners.
  • To explore the biomechanical role of the infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica in knee function.
  • To understand how these structures contribute to knee symptoms during running.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on knee pain in runners.
  • Analysis of biomechanical factors influencing knee joint loading.
  • Examination of the anatomical and functional roles of the infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica.

Main Results:

  • Increased or altered loading of the lower limb is a primary cause of knee problems in runners.
  • Abnormal loading patterns can affect specific knee tissues, including the infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica.
  • These structures play a role in knee mechanics and can become symptomatic under certain loading conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Knee pain in runners is multifactorial, requiring a comprehensive assessment of biomechanics and external factors.
  • The infrapatellar fat pad and synovial plica are potential contributors to knee symptoms that warrant clinical consideration.
  • Investigating lower limb mechanics is crucial for diagnosing and managing knee pain in athletic populations.