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Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children

Benjamin Sahn1, Samuel Bitton1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Suite M 100, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
|December 1, 2015
PubMed

Insights

This article reviews evaluating and managing lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in children. It covers common causes, diagnostic tools like endoscopy, and pediatric-specific preparation for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Background:

  • Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a significant concern in pediatric patients.
  • Identifying the etiology of LGIB in children requires a systematic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and management of LGIB in children.
  • To review common etiologies and diagnostic modalities for pediatric LGIB.
  • To summarize current and emerging therapeutic hemostatic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common etiologies of LGIB across different pediatric age groups.
  • Discussion of endoscopic findings including solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, polyps, vascular lesions, and colonic inflammation.
  • Overview of diagnostic modalities: endoscopy, colonoscopy, cross-sectional imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, video capsule endoscopy, and enteroscopy.
  • Highlighting pediatric-specific pre-endoscopic preparation and decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Common causes of LGIB vary by age in children.
  • Endoscopic interventions are crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions like polyps and vascular lesions.
  • A range of advanced imaging and endoscopic techniques are available for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric LGIB involves age-appropriate evaluation and tailored therapeutic strategies.
  • Current and novel hemostatic techniques offer promising treatment options for pediatric patients.

Keywords:
ColonoscopyGastrointestinal bleedingHematocheziaHemostasisPediatricResuscitation

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