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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Gut-Brain Axis01:22

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Luminal Conversion and Immunoregulation by Probiotics.

Bhanu Priya Ganesh1, James Versalovic1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|December 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beneficial gut microbes produce metabolites crucial for mammalian health. These microbial metabolites influence both innate and adaptive immunity, impacting mucosal and systemic immune responses.

Keywords:
commensal bacteriadietdietary compoundsimmunomodulationmetabolitesmicrobiomeprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota synthesize essential nutrients and metabolites for mammalian health.
  • Microbial metabolites play a role in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system.
  • Intestinal microbiota likely influence host immunity through microbial metabolite-dependent pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe how intestinal microbes, including probiotics, generate metabolites.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these microbial metabolites modulate immunity.
  • To highlight the connection between gut microbiota, their metabolites, and host immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbial metabolites produced by intestinal microbes.
  • Investigation of the effects of microbial metabolites on immune cells and tissues.
  • Assessment of immune modulation at both mucosal and systemic levels.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal microbes, including probiotics, generate specific metabolites.
  • These microbial metabolites were shown to modulate mucosal immunity.
  • Systemic immunity was also found to be modulated by microbial metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are critical mediators of host immunity.
  • Microbial metabolite production by intestinal microbes influences immune homeostasis.
  • Targeting microbial metabolite production offers a potential strategy for immune modulation.