Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
High CD4⁺ T cell density is associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Qinglei Zhang1, Chongli Hao2, Guangzhou Cheng3
1Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, China ; Department of Urology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Zaozhuang, Shangdong, China.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of CD4(+) T cells in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) tissues in situ.
Methods:
Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the distribution of CD4(+) T cells in 131 NMIBC tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
Results:
NMIBC patients were divided into two groups based on the median frequency of CD4(+) T cells (median, 1/×400 high resolution). On univariate analysis, CD4(+) T cell density was inversely associated with overall survival (P = 0.01). In those patients with high CD4(+) T density, 5-year OS rates was only 77%, compared with 86% in those with low density, respectively. Although CD4(+) T cell density showed no prognostic significance for RFS (P = 0.36), 5-year RFS rates of patients with high CD4(+) T density (58%) was lower than those of patients with low CD4(+) T density (65%, respectively). By multivariate analysis, tumor infiltrating CD4(+) T cell density emerged as an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR, 2.75; P = 0.004). In addition, no association was found between CD4(+) T cell density and any clinicopathological variables (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that CD4(+) T cells could potentially serve as a poor prognostic marker for patients with NMIBC.
