Source Contributions of PM2.5 in the Severe Haze Episode in Hebei Cities

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is one of the most polluted areas in China. This paper used the Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and Model-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to quantify the source contribution to PM2.5 in Hebei cities in order to obtain an in-depth understanding haze process in January and February 2013, using the Multiresolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). The result showed that PM2.5 were mainly originated from the southern Hebei (SHB) with the fractions of 70.8% and 66.4% to Shijiazhuang, 70.6% and 63.9% to Xingtai, and 68.5% and 63.0% to Handan in January and February 2013, respectively. The northern Hebei (NHB) contributed 69.8% and 70.7% to Zhangjiakou, 68.7% and 66.2% to Chengde, and 57.7% and 59.6% to Qinhuangdao in January and February. In Cangzhou, Hengshui, and Langfang, regional joint policy making should be implemented due to the pollution of multiple sources. In Baoding and Tangshan, industrial emissions contributed 38.1% and 41.9% of PM2.5 to Baoding and 39.8% and 45.8% to Tangshan in January and February, respectively. Industrial and domestic emissions should be controlled in Tangshan and Baoding, especially for industrial emissions of NHB.