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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

8.6K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Three-Dimensional Forehead Reflation.

Jean Carruthers1, Alastair Carruthers

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [Et Al.]
|December 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a safe and effective technique for three-dimensional subgaleal forehead reflation using hyaluronic acid fillers. The procedure offers lasting results for upper facial rejuvenation.

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Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Facial rejuvenation

Background:

  • Growing interest in three-dimensional facial reflation techniques.
  • Demand for upper facial rejuvenation procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a technique for subgaleal three-dimensional forehead reflation.
  • To share expertise on enhancing upper facial aesthetics.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomic approach for subgaleal injection.
  • Modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler for reduced viscosity.
  • Specific injection technique detailed.

Main Results:

  • Temporary mild brow ptosis observed post-injection, resolving within 30-60 minutes.
  • Approximately 30% of subjects require touch-ups 2-3 weeks later.
  • Results demonstrate longevity, lasting 10-12 months.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional subgaleal forehead reflation is a safe and effective procedure.
  • Hyaluronic acid fillers are suitable for this technique.
  • Knowledge of periorbital vascular anatomy is crucial for safety.